How did carlos slim make his money

Mexican businessman (born )

For his son, see Carlos Slim Domit.

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Slim and the second or maternal family name is Helú.

Carlos Slim Helú (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈkaɾlosesˈlineˈlu;-esˈlim-];^[1] born 28 January ) is a Mexican business magnate, investor, and philanthropist.^[2][3] From to , Slim was ranked as the richest person in the world by Forbes business magazine.^[4][5] He derived his fortune from his extensive holdings in a considerable number of Mexican companies through his conglomerate, Grupo Carso.^[6] As of December&#;^[update], the Bloomberg Billionaires Index ranked him as the 18th-richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$85 billion or about 4% of Mexico's GDP,^[7] making him the richest person in Latin America.^[7]

Slim's corporate conglomerate spans numerous industries across the Mexican economy, including education, health care, industrial manufacturing, transportation, real estate, mass media, mining, energy, entertainment, technology, retail, sports and financial services.

However, the core of his fortune derives from telecommunications, where he owns América Móvil (with operations throughout Latin America) and the Mexican carrier Telcel and ISPTelmex, a state-run-gone-private company which maintained a virtual monopoly for many years after Slim's acquisition.^[2][3][8][9] He accounts for 40% of the listings on the Mexican Stock Exchange,^[8] while his net worth is equivalent to about 6% of Mexico's gross domestic product.^[10] As of , he was the largest single shareholder of non-voting shares of the New York Times Company.

In , he sold half of his shares.^[11]

Early life

Slim was born on 28 January , in Mexico City,^[12] to Julián Slim Haddad (born Khalil Salim Haddad Aglamaz) and Linda Helú Atta, both Maronite Christians from Lebanon.^[13][14][15] He decided at a young age that he aspired to be a businessman as a future career in mind,^[5][16] and received business lessons from his father, who taught him basic financial, business management, and accounting principles by instructing him in how to analyze and interpret financial statements in addition to stressing the young Carlos in the importance of keeping accurate financial records when doing business.^[17]

At the age of 11, Slim invested in a government savings bond, which taught him about the concept of compound interest.

Adhering to his father's emphasis on the importance of keeping accurate financial records, he eventually saved every financial and business transaction he ever made into a personal ledger book, which he still keeps to this day.^[18] At the age of 12, he made his first stock investment, by buying shares outright of a Mexican bank.^[19] By the age of 15, Slim had become a shareholder in Mexico's largest bank.^[10] At the age of 17, he earned pesos a week working for his father's company.^[20] He went on to study civil engineering at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, where he also concurrently taught algebra and linear programming.^[21][22][23]

Though Slim was a civil engineering major, he also displayed an interest in economics.

Broadening his academic interests outside his traditional area of study beyond civil engineering, he took economics courses in Chile when he completed his engineering degree.^[16] Graduating as a civil engineering major, Slim has stated that his mathematical ability and his background of linear programming was a key factor in helping him gain a competitive edge in the business world, especially when analyzing the financial statements of prospective companies while making his business decisions as well as evaluating potential investment acquisitions and stock purchases.^[17][24][25]

Business career

s

After graduating from university in , Slim launched his business career by starting off as a stock trader in Mexico, often working hour days to make a name for himself in the Mexican business world.^[5] In , profits from Slim's private business and investment ventures reached US$,,^[26] enabling him to start the stock brokerage house Inversora Bursátil.^[23] He also began laying the financial groundwork for his eventual conglomerate, Grupo Carso.^[27] In , he also acquired Jarritos del Sur, a Mexican bottling and soft drink company.

In , worth US$40&#;million,^[26][28] he established Inmuebles Carso, a Mexican real estate agency and holding company.

Carlos slim biography telmex: Forbes Magazine ranks the Carlos Slim Foundation as Mexico's most charitable business foundation Take a look at the life of Mexico's richest man, who's lived in the same house for 40 years". In December , he bought all the shares of the second division team Estudiantes Tecos. Retrieved 4 April

s

Companies in the Mexican construction, soft drink, printing, real estate, bottling and mining industries were the initial focus of Slim's burgeoning business career.^[10] He later expanded his business operations and commercial activities by venturing into numerous industries across the Mexican economy including auto parts, aluminum, airlines, chemicals, tobacco, cable and wire manufacturing, paper and packaging, copper and mineral extraction, tires, cement, retail, hotels, beverage distributors, telecommunications and financial services (Slim's Grupo Financiero Inbursa sells insurance and manages mutual funds and pension plans for millions of ordinary Mexicans).^[27][29] By , he had established or acquired a further seven businesses in these industry categories, which included the acquisition of a construction equipment rental company.

In , he consolidated his business interests by forming Grupo Galas as the parent company of a conglomerate that had interests in industrial manufacturing, construction, mining, retail, food, and tobacco.^[21][5]

s

In , the Mexican economy contracted rapidly.

As many banks were struggling and foreign investors were cutting back on investing and scurrying, Slim began investing heavily and acquired shares in a plethora of Mexican flagship businesses outright at depressed valuations.^{[5][10][30][31]} Much of Slim's business dealings involved a simple strategy, which entails buying a business and retaining it for its cash flow, or eventually selling the stake at a greater profit in future, thereby netting the capital gains as well as reinvesting the initial principal into a new business.^[32] In addition, the complexity of Grupo Carso's corporate conglomerate structural labyrinth web of companies allows Slim to purchase a manifold of stakes across a wide range of industries, thereby making the overall conglomerate nearly recession-proof in the event that one or more industry sectors of the Mexican economy underperform.^[23]

Amidst the Mexican economic downturn before its gradual recovery in , Slim invested heavily by snapping up numerous Mexican flagship companies for pennies on the dollar.

He purchased all or a sizeable percentage of numerous Mexican businesses outright at significant discounts. Among the panoply of acquisitions that Slim procured included Empresas Frisco, a mining concessionary and chemical maker, Industrias Nacobre, a copper manufacturer, Reynolds Aluminio, a Mexican aluminum concern, Compañía Hulera Euzkadi (Mexico's largest tire maker), and Bimex hotels, a hotel chain.

He also became the majority shareholder of Sanborn Hermanos, a prominent Mexican food retailer, gift shop and restaurant chain, which was later incorporated as Grupo Carso's retailing arm. In , Slim spent US$13&#;million to acquire Mexican insurance agency Seguros de México, and later subsumed the company into the firm, Seguros Inbursa.^[23] The value of his stake in Seguros eventually grew to being worth US$&#;billion by , after four spinoffs.^[33] Slim also acquired a 40% and 50% interest in the Mexican arms of British American Tobacco and The Hershey Company, respectively.

He acquired large blocks of Denny's and Firestone Tires. From Seguros de México, Fianzas La Guardiana and Casa de Bolsa Inbursa, he formed the Grupo Financiero Inbursa, a Mexican financial services provider. Many of these corporate acquisitions were financed by the income-generating revenues and cash flows derived from Cigatam, a Mexican tobacco distributor that he purchased in the economic downturn that hit Mexico during the early s.^[19][21]

In , Slim bought Nacobre, a Mexican copper manufacturer that manufactured, marketed and distributed copper and copper alloy products, along with Química Fluor, a Mexican chemical maker.^[21]

s

Slim realized windfall profits in the early s when the Mexican government began privatizing its telecom industry.

Capitalizing on the bevy of potential business opportunities that could crop up and be exploited through this political change motivated Slim and his conglomerate Grupo Carso to acquire Telmex, a landline telecommunications operator from the Mexican government.^[10] In , Grupo Carso was floated as a public company initially in Mexico and then worldwide.^[21] During the same year, Grupo Carso also acquired a majority ownership of Porcelanite, a Mexican tilemaker.^[19]

To ultimately realize his further commercial business ambitions and reap the material benefits that would eventually transpire through the acquisition of Telmex, Slim acted in concert later in with the French telecom operator France Télécom and the American telco Southwestern Bell Corporation to purchase the landline telecommunications service provider from the Mexican government, when the opportunity for Slim to purchase the telco presented itself and materialized when Mexico began privatizing its national industries at the turn of the s.^[21] Slim was an early investment backer in Telmex, where the concomitant income-producing cash flows and revenue-generating profits of the telecommunications provider eventually formed the bulk of his private fortune.^[32][34] By , Telmex controlled and operated 90 percent of the telephone lines in Mexico, and his wireless telecommunications company, Telcel, which was created out of the Radiomóvil Dipsa company,^[21] operated almost 80 percent of the entire country's cellphones.^[35][32]

In , he acquired Hoteles Calinda (now OSTAR Grupo Hotelero), a hotel chain and in , he increased his stakes in General Tire, an American tiremaker and a distributor of aluminum profiles and aluminum concern Grupo Aluminio to the point where he had a majority interest in the company.^[21]

In , Slim split Grupo Carso into three separate constituent companies: Carso Global Telecom, Grupo Carso, and Invercorporación.

In the following year, Slim bought the Mexican arm of Sears Roebuck.^[21][19]

In , Slim began expanding his business interests beyond Latin America. Though the bulk of his business holdings remained in Mexico, he began setting his sights on exploring the United States as a target destination to exploit potential foreign investment acquisitions and new emerging business opportunities.

s

Slim made headlines within the American business scene in when he began purchasing large stakes in a number of major US retailers such as Barnes & Noble, OfficeMax, Office Depot, Circuit City, Borders, and CompUSA.^[36] Much of the rationale behind Slim's international commercial expansion beyond Mexico was due to a running joke in Mexican business circles that "there was nothing left to acquire in Mexico."^[36] He set up a Telmex USA branch and also acquired a stake in Tracfone, an American cellular telephone operator.

Concurrently, Slim established Carso Infraestructura y Construcción, S. A. (CICSA) as a non-profit subsidiary construction and engineering firm within Grupo Carso.^[21] During the same year, Slim underwent heart surgery and subsequently passed on much of his day-to-day corporate involvement to his children and their spouses.^[35]

América Telecom, the holding company for América Móvil, was incorporated in Concurrently, Telmex also spun off its international cellular phone division for a $15 billion listing of América Móvil SA on the New York Stock Exchange.^[37] Telmex has taken numerous stakes of various international cellular telephone operators outside of Mexico, including the Brazilian ATL and Telecom Americas concerns, Techtel in Argentina, and others in Guatemala and Ecuador.

In subsequent years, the company made further investments across Latin America, with companies in Colombia, Nicaragua, Peru, Chile, Honduras, and El Salvador, well as a joint venture with the American software house, Microsoft called Tlmsn, a Spanish-language web portal.^[36]

In , Slim invested in Volaris, a Mexican airline^[21] and founded Impulsora del Desarrollo y el Empleo en América Latina SAB de CV (using the acronym "IDEAL"—roughly translated as "Promoter of Development and Employment in Latin America"), a Mexican construction and civil engineering company primarily engaged in not-for-profit infrastructure development.

Since , IDEAL won three infrastructure contracts yet it faces stiff competition from a number of other Mexican and Spanish construction companies.^[8][38]

In , after having amassed a % stake in the Cigatam tobacco manufacturer, Slim sold a large portion of his equity to Philip Morris for US$&#;billion.

During the same year, Slim sold off his entire stake of Porcelanite for US$ million, a Mexican tile-maker that he acquired back in He also licensed the Saks name and opened the Mexican arm of Saks Fifth Avenue retailer in Santa Fe, Mexico. Also in , the estimated value of all of Slim's companies totaled US$&#;billion.^[23] On December 8, , Grupo Carso announced that the remaining CompUSA retail stores would be either liquidated or sold, bringing an end to the struggling company,^[39] although the information technology division of CompUSA continued operating under the name Telvista around various American cities such as Dallas, Texas (U.S.

Corporate Office) and Danville, Virginia. Telvista also has five centers in Mexico (three in Tijuana, one center in Mexicali, and one in México City).^[40] After 28 years of corporate involvement, Slim became the Honorary Lifetime Chairman of the business.

In , Slim took a % stake valued at $27 million in the New York Times Company, a prominent American newspaper publisher.^[21] Slim increased his stake to 8% by ^[41] Slim's stake in the Times increased again to % of the company's Class A shares on 20 January when he exercised stock options to purchase million shares, making him the largest shareholder in the company.^[42][43] The New York Times Company's Class A shares are available for purchase by the public and offer less control over the company than Class B shares, which are privately held.^[42] According to the company's annual filings, Slim owned % of the company's Class A shares, and none of the company's Class B shares.^[44]

s

In , Slim sold the broadcast rights for the Leon games to the American terrestrial television network, Telemundo, the cable channel Fox Sports in Mexico and the rest of Latin America, and the website The games are also broadcast on the Internet through UNO TV, offered by Telmex.

Slim has been involved with broadcasting sports outside Mexico to larger markets such as the United States. In March , América Móvil acquired the broadcast rights for the Olympic Games in Sochi and the Brazil for Latin America.^[45]

In March , Slim, along with American television host Larry King, established Ora TV, an on-demand digital television network that produces and distributes television shows including Larry King Now, Politicking with Larry King, Recessionista, and Jesse Ventura Uncensored.^[46]

In September , Slim bought 30% stakes in Pachuca and León, two Mexican soccer teams through his telecommunications company América Móvil.

In December , he bought all the shares of the second division team Estudiantes Tecos.^[47] Slim has also completed business deals for the television rights to games of the Leon soccer team. His company América Móvil purchased 30 percent of the team along with transmission rights as Slim does not have the rights to transmit content by broadcast television or cable TV as well as putting him in competition with Televisa and TV Azteca, two television companies with rights to the rest of Mexican soccer's first division.^[48][49]

In July , Slim's company América Móvil invested US$40&#;million in Shazam, a British commercial mobile phone-based music identification service for an undisclosed share of ownership.

América Móvil partnered with the company to aid its growth into advertising and television and help the audio recognition service expand in Latin America.^[50][51]

In November , Slim invested US$60 million in the Israeli startup Mobli, a company that deals with connections between people and communities corralled according to different interests.

In December , Slim's private equity fund, Sinca Inbursa, sold its stake in the Mexican pharmaceutical company Landsteiner Scientific. Slim acquired a % stake in the company in June , which represented % of Sinca's investment portfolio. The private equity fund's investments are mainly concentrated in the transportation and infrastructure sectors and the fund garnered a total market cap of billion pesos at the end of ^[52]

On 23 April , Slim took control of Telekom Austria, Austria's largest telecommunications company, which operates telcos in countries such as Bulgaria, Croatia, and Belarus, under a year agreement.

It was Slim's first successful business acquisition in Europe. In a syndicate holding structure the Austrian state holding company OIAG's 28% are combined with Slim's 27% ownership.

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América Móvil will spend as much as US$2&#;billion to buy out minority shareholders in a mandatory public offer and invest up to 1&#;billion euros (US$&#;billion) into the company, which it sees as "platform for expansion into central and eastern Europe". Labor representatives boycotted attending the OIAG supervisory board meeting for 12 hours criticizing the lack of explicit job guarantees.^[53]

In January , Grupo Carso publicly launched Claro Musica, an online music service that is a Latin American equivalent of iTunes and Spotify.

Slim, along with his son, increased their corporate presence in Mexico's music industry, particularly in the retail music sector since Sanborn's, the Mexican retail department store chain owned by Slim controls a majority stake in Mixup, Mexico's most successful retail music store that comprises a chain of store Mexican retailers Mixup also generated more than US$&#;million in revenue in ^[49]

In March , Slim made his presence known in the Spanish business scene by buying stakes in various troubled Spanish companies while perusing potential acquisitions across Europe.

Slim's investment company, Inmobiliaria Carso, announced it will buy a stake in the Spanish bank, Bankia, which couples with Slim's other purchase of Realia, a Spanish real estate company, where Slim is the second largest shareholder holding a 25% equity stake, behind Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, a Spanish construction company where Slim is also an active minor shareholder.^[54]

On April 15, , Slim formed the oil company Carso Oil & Gas.

A report that was released by the new company listed its assets at &#;billion pesos (approximately US$&#;million), placed within &#;million shares. Upon the formation of the company, Slim remained sanguine about the company's future potential and Mexico's burgeoning energy sector where the state monopoly ceased to exist. ^{[citation needed]}

On July 25, , Slim's investment group Control Empresarial de Capitales invested in IMatchative, a technology startup that ranks the world's hedge funds creating in-depth behavioral profiles and business analytics.

Limited partners pay US$30, per subscription while hedge fund managers pay half the price and also sign up for a free version of the products the company offers.^[55]

s

On June 12, , Slim acquired a 3% stake in British telecommunications company BT worth approximately £million.^[56]

Family and personal life

Slim's father, Khalil Salim Haddad Aglamaz, was born on 17 July ^[57] in Jezzine, Lebanon (then part of the Ottoman Empire).

In , at the age of 14, Haddad emigrated to Mexico alone, and later changed his name to Julián Slim Haddad.^[13] It was not uncommon for Lebanese children to be sent abroad before they reached the age of 15 to avoid being conscripted into the Ottoman Army, and four of Haddad's older brothers were already living in Mexico at the time of his arrival.^{[21][unreliable source?]}

In , Julián established a dry goods retail store, La Estrella de Oriente (The Star of the Orient).^[22] By , he had begun investing in real estate in the flourishing commercial district of Mexico City where Julián acquired prime Mexican real estate at fire sale prices and in the Zocalo District during the –17 Mexican Revolution.^[5][10] By , Julián's net worth reached $1,, pesos, shrewdly diversified among a vast array of various cash flow-producing assets that included large swathes incoming-producing investment-grade real estate, a multifarious assemblage of privately-controlled businesses, and stocks.^[22]

In August , Julián Slim married Linda Helú Atta.

Linda, of Lebanese ancestry, was born in Parral, Chihuahua. Her parents had immigrated to Mexico from Lebanon in the late 19th century. Upon immigrating to Mexico, her parents founded one of the first Arabic-language magazines for the Lebanese-Mexican community, using a printing press they had brought with them.^[21] Julian and Linda had six children: Nour, Alma, Julián, José, Carlos, and Linda.

Julián senior died in , when Carlos was 13 years old.^[21]

Julian's panoply of successful business ventures and investment undertakings became the source of considerable wealth for himself and his family.^[21] As a prominent businessman and wealthy investor who remained a reputable pillar within the Lebanese Mexican community, Julian was known for his shrewd business acumen and his astute knack when making investments during bad economic cycles (which occurred frequently in Mexico).^[27] Julián was known for his business savvy, strong work ethic, and commitment to traditional Lebanese moral values.^[22]

In February , Julian, the oldest brother of Carlos, died aged He was an active businessman and worked in one of Mexico's top intelligence agencies.^[58][59]

Personal life

Carlos Slim was married to Soumaya Domit from until her death in Among her interests were various philanthropic projects.^[21] Slim has six children: Carlos, Marco Antonio, Patrick, Soumaya, Vanessa, and Johanna.

His three older sons serve in key positions in the companies controlled by Slim where most are involved in the day-to-day running of Slim's business empire.^{[2][8][17][60]} Slim underwent heart surgery in ^[35] In high school, Slim's favorite subjects were history, cosmography, and mathematics.^[17] Slim and his wife had a very happy marriage, and he indicated that he does not intend to remarry.^[61]

In his office, Slim does not have a computer, and instead keeps all his financial data in hand-written notebooks.^[17][10] Due to the vast size of his business empire, he often jokes that he cannot keep track of all the companies he manages.^[6] Slim is a Maronite Catholic,^[62][63] and he is one of the prominent backers of Legion of Christ, a Roman Catholicreligious institute.^[64][65]

Personal fortune

Wealth

On 29 March , Slim surpassed American investor Warren Buffett as the world's second richest person with an estimated net worth of US$&#;billion compared with Buffett's US$&#;billion.^[66]

On 4 August , The Wall Street Journal ran a cover story profiling Slim.

The article said, "While the market value of his stake in publicly traded companies could decline at any time, at the moment he is probably wealthier than Bill Gates".^[67] According to The Wall Street Journal, Slim credits part of his ability to "discover investment opportunities" early to the writings of his friend, futurist author Alvin Toffler.^[67]

On 8 August , Fortune magazine reported that Slim had overtaken Gates as the world's richest person.

Slim's estimated fortune soared to US$59&#;billion, based on the value of his public holdings at the end of July. Gates' net worth was estimated to be at least US$58&#;billion.^[67][68]

On 5 March , Forbes ranked Slim as the world's second-richest person, behind Warren Buffett and ahead of Bill Gates.^[4] On 11 March , Forbes ranked Slim as the world's third-richest person, behind Gates and Buffett and ahead of Larry Ellison.^[4]

On 10 March , Forbes once again reported that Slim had overtaken Gates as the world's richest person, with a net worth of US$&#;billion.

At the time, Gates and Buffett had a net worth of US$53&#;billion and US$47&#;billion respectively.^[4] He was the first Mexican to top the list.^[69] It was the first time in 16 years that the person on top of the list was not from the United States.^[70] It was also the first time the person at the top of the list was from an emerging economy.^[71] Between and , Slim more than doubled his net worth from $35 to $75&#;billion.^[8]

In March , Forbes stated that Slim had maintained his position as the wealthiest person in the world, with his fortune estimated at US$74&#;billion.^[4]

In December , according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Carlos Slim Helú remained the world's richest person with an estimated net worth of US$&#;billion.^[72]

On 5 March , Forbes stated that Slim was still maintaining his first-place position as the wealthiest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$73&#;billion.^[4] On 16 May , Bloomberg L.P.

ranked Slim the second-richest person in the world, after Bill Gates.^[73]

On July 15, , Forbes announced that Slim had reclaimed the position of the wealthiest person in the world, with a fortune of US$&#;billion.^[74]

In September , Forbes listed Slim as number 1 on its list of billionaires with a net worth of US$&#;billion.^[4]

In December , Slim's net worth was estimated to be US$ billion.^[4]

In , his net worth was reported to be $ billion.^[75]

In , his net worth was said to be at least $ billion, making him the richest man in Mexico.^[76]

In October , his net worth was estimated at $ billion.^[77]

In Forbes stated his net worth as $ billion.^[78]

Real estate

Slim is an active real estate investor.

His real estate holding company, Inmobiliaria Carso has developed, invested, owned and operated an extensive portfolio of residential and commercial real estate properties across Mexico since the s.^[79] His real estate company constructed Plaza Carso in Mexico City, where most of his business ventures share a common headquarters address.^[80] Since the early s to the mids, Slim has been making private real estate investments internationally beyond Mexico, particularly in Spain and the United States.^[2]

In May , Slim opened Inbursa Aquarium, Latin America's largest aquarium.^[6] Slim owns the Duke Seamans mansion, a beaux arts house on 5th Avenue in New York City, which he bought for $44 million in The mansion is 20, square feet and has 12 bedrooms, 14 bathrooms, and a doctor's office in the basement.^[2][81] In May , he listed the property for sale at $80 million, nearly twice the amount of what he had initially paid for.^[30] In April , Slim bought the Marquette Building in Detroit and purchased PepsiCo Americas Beverages headquarters in Somers, New York, for US$87&#;million.

Slim owns a second mansion in New York City at 10 West 56th Street, which he bought in for US$&#;million.^[30]

In March , Slim began eyeing Spain as a potential investment destination, by purchasing cheap properties in Spain's real estate sector at rock-bottom prices in its ailing economy.^[82]

Reactions

Slim's immense wealth has been a subject of controversy, because it has been amassed in a developing country where average per capita income does not exceed US$14, a year, and nearly 17% of the population lives in poverty.^[83] Critics claim that Slim is a monopolist, pointing to Telmex's control of 90% of the Mexican landline telephone market.

Slim's wealth is the equivalent of roughly 5% of Mexico's annual economic output.^[84] Telmex, of which % is owned by Slim and his family, charges among the highest usage fees in the world, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.^[85][6][8]

According to Celso Garrido, economist at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Slim's domination of Mexico's conglomerates prevents the growth of smaller companies, resulting in a shortage of paying jobs, forcing many Mexicans to seek better lives in the U.S.^[86]

Slim was criticized by the Dutch minister of economic affairs, Henk Kamp, in for attempting to expand his telecommunications empire beyond the Americas by América Móvil's buy-out offer to KPN, a Dutch landline and mobile telecommunications operator.

Kamp reiterated his criticisms of Slim stating: "an acquisition of KPN by a 'foreign company' could have consequences for the Netherlands' national security".^[87] Two years after Slim's failed bid to take over the company, mainly due to political intervention and Slim's paucity of interest in purchasing the company, Slim's América Móvil SAB began offering &#;billion euros.

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América Móvil now controls a percent stake of KPN with a market value of &#;billion euros as of 20 May Slim has been slowly decreasing his holdings since he was forced to withdraw a billion-euro bid for the Dutch phone line carrier in after negotiations collapsed.^{[88][89][90][91][92][3][31]}

In response to the criticism, Slim has stated, "When you live for others' opinions, you are dead.

I don't want to live thinking about how I'll be remembered [by Mexican people]," claiming indifference about his position on Forbes list of the world's richest people. He has said he has no interest in becoming the world's richest person. When asked to explain his sudden increase in wealth at a press conference soon after Forbes annual rankings were published, he said, "The stock market goes up&#; and down", and noted that his fortune could quickly drop.^[84]

In , then presidential candidate and eventual 45th President of the United States Donald Trump accused Slim of being involved in editorial articles critical of him published in The New York Times during his presidential campaign.

The Times responded to these accusations by saying that Slim had never interfered in editorial policy.^[93] Later in , Trump and Slim met in person.

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Slim spoke positively about the meeting.^[94]

Philanthropy

Slim has been publicly skeptical of The Giving Pledge by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett giving away at least half of their fortunes.^[95] But—according to his spokesman—he devoted US$4&#;billion, or roughly 5%, to his Carlos Slim foundation as of ^[96] Though Slim has not gone as far as Gates and Buffett in pledging more than half of his fortune, Slim has expressed firm support for philanthropy and has advised budding entrepreneurs that businessmen must do more than give‍&#;‌they "should participate in solving problems".^[10]

In , Forbes put Slim in the list of the world's most generous philanthropists outside of the US.^[97]

Fundación Carlos Slim

Established in , Fundación Carlos Slim sponsors the Museo Soumaya in Mexico City, named after Slim's late wife, Soumaya Domit, opened It holds 66, pieces, including religious relics, contains the world's second-largest collection of Rodin sculptures, including The Kiss, the largest Salvador Dalí collection in Latin America, works by Leonardo da Vinci, Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and coins from the viceroys of Spain.^[98] The inauguration in was attended by the President of Mexico, Nobel Prize laureates, writers and other celebrities.^[99]

After stating that he had donated US$4&#;billion of dividends to Fundación Carlos Slim, US$2&#;billion in , and another US$2&#;billion in , Slim was ranked fifth in Forbes' World's Biggest Givers in May ^[96] Education and health care projects have included $ million to perform 50, cataract surgeries in Peru.^[96]

Fundación Telmex

In , Slim established Fundación Telmex, a broad-ranging philanthropic foundation, which as he announced in had been provided with an asset base of US$4&#;billion to establish Carso Institutes for Health, Sports and Education.

Furthermore, it was to work in support of an initiative of Bill Clinton to aid the people of Latin America.^[21][96] The foundation has organized Copa Telmex, an amateur sports tournament, recognized in and by Guinness World Records as having the most participants of any such tournament in the world.

Together with Fundación Carlos Slim Helú, Telmex announced in that it was to invest more than US$&#;million in Mexican sports programs, from grass-roots level to Olympic standard.^[21] Telmex sponsored the Sauber F1 team for the season.^[][] Telmex donated at least $1 million to the Clinton Foundation.^[]

Fundación del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México A.C.

Slim has been Chair of the Council for the Restoration of the Historic Downtown of Mexico City since ^[]

In , he, along with the president of Mexico, Mexico City mayor, and Mexico City archbishop, inaugurated the first phase of Plaza Mariana close to Basilica de Guadalupe.^[] The complex, whose construction was funded by Slim, includes an evangelization center, museum, columbarium, health center, and market.^[]

Awards

See also

References